"To improve is to change; to be perfect is to change often."
~Winston Churchill
Before moving towards the Industrial Revolution(IR) 4.0 let us first understand the past Industrial Revolutions:
(1) Industrial Revolution 1.0 - 18th and 19th century
The 1st Industrial Revolution was about mechanical production facilities supported by water and steam power. It was a period during which the rural societies of Europe and America became industrial and urban. The iron and textile industries along with development of the steam engine paved a way for Industrial Revolution which significantly improved the systems of transportation, communication and banking. The quality of life improved notably for upper and middle class during this period. Britain's role as a colonial power also provided access to raw materials and a marketplace for manufacturing goods.
The Industrial Revolution 1.0 produced advancements in:
(2) Industrial Revolution 2.0 - Beginning of the 20th century
The enormous expansion of rail and telegraph lines after 1870 allowed unprecedented movement of people and ideas, which culminated in a new wave of globalization. Many new products were devised, and important advances were made in the system of mass production. The first two industrial revolutions made people richer and more urban. The Ford’s assembly line is one of the most notable feature during this time. By 1895, after the end of American Civil War, the United States sets to become the greatest economic power overtaking the Great Britain and its colonies. American industrial titans like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan controlled multiple industries. Many scientific inventions changed the course of the time.
The Industrial Revolution 2.0 produced advancements in:
(3) Industrial Revolution 3.0 aka Digital Revolution - Began in 1970
The third Industrial Revolution is all about internet, energy and new financial system. Manufacturing was going digital during this period. The invention of transistors completely transformed the manufacturing process and the size of electronics devices started to shrink. Many new technology companies emerged during this period changing the rules of business forever. Knowledge becomes a valued form of capital. Internet has changed the way we live today.
The Industrial Revolution 3.0 produced advancements in:
Now let us move towards the 4th Industrial Revolution.
(1) Industrial Revolution 1.0 - 18th and 19th century
The 1st Industrial Revolution was about mechanical production facilities supported by water and steam power. It was a period during which the rural societies of Europe and America became industrial and urban. The iron and textile industries along with development of the steam engine paved a way for Industrial Revolution which significantly improved the systems of transportation, communication and banking. The quality of life improved notably for upper and middle class during this period. Britain's role as a colonial power also provided access to raw materials and a marketplace for manufacturing goods.
The Industrial Revolution 1.0 produced advancements in:
- Technology
- Energy
- Transportation
- Communications
- Production
(2) Industrial Revolution 2.0 - Beginning of the 20th century
The enormous expansion of rail and telegraph lines after 1870 allowed unprecedented movement of people and ideas, which culminated in a new wave of globalization. Many new products were devised, and important advances were made in the system of mass production. The first two industrial revolutions made people richer and more urban. The Ford’s assembly line is one of the most notable feature during this time. By 1895, after the end of American Civil War, the United States sets to become the greatest economic power overtaking the Great Britain and its colonies. American industrial titans like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan controlled multiple industries. Many scientific inventions changed the course of the time.
The Industrial Revolution 2.0 produced advancements in:
- Technology
- Energy
- Transportation
- Communications
- Science
(3) Industrial Revolution 3.0 aka Digital Revolution - Began in 1970
The third Industrial Revolution is all about internet, energy and new financial system. Manufacturing was going digital during this period. The invention of transistors completely transformed the manufacturing process and the size of electronics devices started to shrink. Many new technology companies emerged during this period changing the rules of business forever. Knowledge becomes a valued form of capital. Internet has changed the way we live today.
The Industrial Revolution 3.0 produced advancements in:
- Technology
- Economics
- Connectivity
- Living
- Globalization
Now let us move towards the 4th Industrial Revolution.
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(4) Industrial Revolution 4.0
Industrial Revolution 4.0 or Industrial Internet of Things is nothing but use of smart machines with artificial intelligence that correct themselves and communicate with their neighborhood machines without human interference. Emerging technology breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials science, energy storage, and quantum computing are paving the way for Industrial Revolution 4.0
I have attended the Industrial Internet of Things conference which was held in Mumbai on 24th August,2016. I'll share my knowledge as well as the knowledge of industry experts who were present for the conference.
(4) Industrial Revolution 4.0
Industrial Revolution 4.0 or Industrial Internet of Things is nothing but use of smart machines with artificial intelligence that correct themselves and communicate with their neighborhood machines without human interference. Emerging technology breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials science, energy storage, and quantum computing are paving the way for Industrial Revolution 4.0
I have attended the Industrial Internet of Things conference which was held in Mumbai on 24th August,2016. I'll share my knowledge as well as the knowledge of industry experts who were present for the conference.
Challenges of IIOT or IR 4.0 :
Requirements for IR 4.0 :
IoT Enablers:
New industries will emerge and the existing business models will change. Now the whole world will become a consumer due to highly efficient communication and improved logistics. Smart products, smart factories, smart services and smart operations will drive the business growth and efficiency.
Industries that will be affected due to IR 4.0 :
Let us discuss about the middle-ware required for IR 4.0
- Security
- System Integration
- Network Investigation
Requirements for IR 4.0 :
- Extensive use of mobile
- End to end security
- Cloud efficiency and agility
IoT Enablers:
- Intelligent sensors
- RFID, QR
- Smart Devices
- M2M (Machine to Machine communication)
- Enterprise apps
- Big Data Analytics
New industries will emerge and the existing business models will change. Now the whole world will become a consumer due to highly efficient communication and improved logistics. Smart products, smart factories, smart services and smart operations will drive the business growth and efficiency.
Industries that will be affected due to IR 4.0 :
- Automobile Industry
- FMCG Industry
- IT Industry
- Logistics
- Almost all Manufacturing Industries
Let us discuss about the middle-ware required for IR 4.0
The Middle ware is divided in four layers:
But what is Middle ware?
Middle ware addresses the data management problem. In simple terms, it is a translator who understands everything.
Challenges with the data:
Features of Middle ware:
All the four layers will be communicating with each other using standard IEEE protocols. I'll not go in much details about the layers at this moment.
- ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
- MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems)
- Lines and Process
- Machines
But what is Middle ware?
Middle ware addresses the data management problem. In simple terms, it is a translator who understands everything.
Challenges with the data:
- Non-compatibility of systems
- Inefficient handling of data
- Islands of automation(discrete systems)
Features of Middle ware:
- Scan-less acquisition of process data
- Control quality and energy
- Productive maintenance
All the four layers will be communicating with each other using standard IEEE protocols. I'll not go in much details about the layers at this moment.
OPC-UA:
Open Platform Communications - Unified Architecture is industrial M2M communication protocol for interoperability. It is used mostly for IIOT devices. Please go through the link below to learn more about OPC-UA.
https://opcfoundation.org/about/opc-technologies/opc-ua/
MQTT:
These days manufacturers use MQTT protocol for IoT devices. MQTT stands for Message Queue Telemetry Transport. It is a publish/subscribe, extremely simple and lightweight messaging protocol, designed for constrained devices and low-bandwidth, high-latency or unreliable networks. Please go through below link to know more about it.
http://mqtt.org/
TSN Protocol:
Time Sensitive Networking is set of standards developed by Time Sensitive Networking task group of IEEE 802.1 work group. As the name suggests it focuses more low latency and deterministic transmission. TSN protocol will be the interface for all IoT devices and will be standardize by IEEE next few months. We can say that TSN is the future.
Links:
https://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/Conference/2015_ODVA_Conference_Ditzel-Didier_TSN.pdf
http://pt.slideshare.net/ErikvanHilten/time-sensitive-networks-how-changes-to-standard-ethernet-enable-convergence-with-industrial-iot?smtNoRedir=1
http://www.slideshare.net/RealTimeInnovations/how-the-fusion-of-time-sensitive-networking-timetriggered-ethernet-and-data-centricity-can-change-industrial-control
Time Sensitive Networking is set of standards developed by Time Sensitive Networking task group of IEEE 802.1 work group. As the name suggests it focuses more low latency and deterministic transmission. TSN protocol will be the interface for all IoT devices and will be standardize by IEEE next few months. We can say that TSN is the future.
Links:
https://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/Conference/2015_ODVA_Conference_Ditzel-Didier_TSN.pdf
http://pt.slideshare.net/ErikvanHilten/time-sensitive-networks-how-changes-to-standard-ethernet-enable-convergence-with-industrial-iot?smtNoRedir=1
http://www.slideshare.net/RealTimeInnovations/how-the-fusion-of-time-sensitive-networking-timetriggered-ethernet-and-data-centricity-can-change-industrial-control
Here is one of the technique to build an IoT product.
Implement IoT using the 6-E rules:
- E1 - Evaluate(Pick the right parameter)
- E2 - Envision(Track KPI(Key Performance Indicator))
- E3 - Explore(Identify the gaps)
- E4 - Endorse(Build business case)
- E5 - Enable(Charge Management)
- E6 - Evolve(Monitor Continuously)
The IoT journey features:
- Choose right parameters
- Outcome orientated
- Fail Fast
- No cookie cutter solution
- Build an ecosystem
- *It is an evolutionary process
Germany is playing a vital role in Industrial Revolution 4.0
I can elaborate more about TSN in my upcoming blog. Thank you for your patience.